Advanced E-commerce Platform Deployment: A Step-by-Step Guide

Advanced E-commerce Platform Deployment on Linux (Secured)

In this lesson, we’ll walk through deploying a highly advanced, secure, and scalable e-commerce platform using modern technologies and best practices. This tutorial assumes you are using a Debian-based system and have the necessary permissions to install and configure software.

Prerequisites

Debian 10 or later
Basic understanding of Linux, Docker, Kubernetes, and microservices
A Kubernetes cluster (can be local or cloud-based)
Basic knowledge of CI/CD tools like Jenkins or GitLab CI

1. Setting Up a Kubernetes Cluster

Installing Docker

First, we need to install Docker:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

Installing Kubernetes Tools

Next, install kubeadm, kubelet, and kubectl:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
sudo curl -fsSL https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
sudo cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

Setting Up the Kubernetes Cluster

Initialize the Kubernetes cluster:

sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

Set up the kubeconfig for the root user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Install a network plugin (Calico):

kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml

2. Deploying Microservices

Creating a Sample Microservice

We’ll create a simple Node.js microservice for user management.

Dockerfile

FROM node:14
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "index.js"]

index.js

const express = require('express');
const app = express();
app.use(express.json());

app.get('/users', (req, res) => {
  res.send([{ id: 1, name: 'John Doe' }]);
});

const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`);
});

Building and Pushing Docker Image

docker build -t your-dockerhub-username/user-service:latest .
docker push your-dockerhub-username/user-service:latest

Kubernetes Deployment and Service

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: user-service
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: user-service
        image: your-dockerhub-username/user-service:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-service
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 3000
  type: LoadBalancer

Apply the deployment and service:

kubectl apply -f user-service-deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f user-service-service.yaml

3. Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD)

Setting Up Jenkins

Install Jenkins:

wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y jenkins
sudo systemctl start jenkins
sudo systemctl enable jenkins

Configure Jenkins (access via http://your-server-ip:8080):

Install necessary plugins: Kubernetes, Docker Pipeline, Git, etc.
Create a new pipeline job for your microservice.

Example Jenkins Pipeline

pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                git 'https://github.com/your-repo/user-service.git'
            }
        }
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                script {
                    docker.build('your-dockerhub-username/user-service:latest')
                }
            }
        }
        stage('Push') {
            steps {
                script {
                    docker.withRegistry('https://index.docker.io/v1/', 'dockerhub-credentials-id') {
                        docker.image('your-dockerhub-username/user-service:latest').push()
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                script {
                    kubectl.apply("-f user-service-deployment.yaml")
                    kubectl.apply("-f user-service-service.yaml")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

4. Database Cluster

Installing CockroachDB

Download and install CockroachDB:

wget -qO- https://binaries.cockroachdb.com/cockroach-v20.2.9.linux-amd64.tgz | tar xvz
sudo cp -i cockroach-v20.2.9.linux-amd64/cockroach /usr/local/bin/

Initializing CockroachDB Cluster

cockroach start --insecure --listen-addr=localhost
cockroach init --insecure

Connecting to CockroachDB

cockroach sql --insecure --host=localhost

5. Message Queues and Streaming

Installing Apache Kafka

Download and install Kafka:

wget https://downloads.apache.org/kafka/2.7.0/kafka_2.13-2.7.0.tgz
tar -xzf kafka_2.13-2.7.0.tgz
cd kafka_2.13-2.7.0

Starting Kafka and Zookeeper

bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties
bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties

Creating a Kafka Topic

bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --topic user-events --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1

6. Logging and Monitoring

Setting Up ELK Stack

Installing Elasticsearch

wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y elasticsearch
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch
sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch

Installing Logstash

sudo apt install -y logstash

Configuring Logstash

Create a config file /etc/logstash/conf.d/logstash.conf:

input {
  beats {
    port => 5044
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["localhost:9200"]
    index => "logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

Start Logstash:

sudo systemctl start logstash
sudo systemctl enable logstash

Installing Kibana

sudo apt install -y kibana
sudo systemctl start kibana
sudo systemctl enable kibana

Access Kibana via http://your-server-ip:5601.

Setting Up Prometheus and Grafana

Installing Prometheus

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.25.0/prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64
./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml

Installing Grafana

sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https software-properties-common
sudo wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y grafana
sudo systemctl start grafana-server
sudo systemctl enable grafana-server

Access Grafana via http://your-server-ip:3000.

7. Security and Compliance

Setting Up Keycloak

Download and install Keycloak:

wget https://

github.com/keycloak/keycloak/releases/download/12.0.4/keycloak-12.0.4.tar.gz
tar -xzf keycloak-12.0.4.tar.gz
cd keycloak-12.0.4
bin/add-user-keycloak.sh -u admin -p password
bin/standalone.sh

Access Keycloak via http://your-server-ip:8080/auth.

Configuring Network Policies

Create a network policy for Kubernetes:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-frontend
  namespace: default
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      role: frontend
  policyTypes:
  - Ingress
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          role: backend

Apply the network policy:

kubectl apply -f network-policy.yaml

Setting Up Let’s Encrypt for HTTPS

Install Certbot:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Obtain a certificate:

sudo certbot --nginx -d your-domain.com -d www.your-domain.com

Set up auto-renewal:

sudo systemctl enable certbot.timer

Configuring Fail2ban

Install Fail2ban:

sudo apt install -y fail2ban

Configure Fail2ban for NGINX:
Create a new configuration file /etc/fail2ban/jail.local:

[nginx-http-auth]
enabled = true
port    = http,https
filter  = nginx-http-auth
logpath = /var/log/nginx/error.log
maxretry = 3

Start and enable Fail2ban:

sudo systemctl start fail2ban
sudo systemctl enable fail2ban

8. Backup and Disaster Recovery

Installing Velero

Install Velero CLI:

wget https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/releases/download/v1.6.3/velero-v1.6.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf velero-v1.6.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv velero-v1.6.3-linux-amd64/velero /usr/local/bin/

Set up Velero with a storage provider (e.g., AWS S3):

velero install --provider aws --bucket your-bucket-name --secret-file ./credentials-velero --use-volume-snapshots=false --backup-location-config region=your-region

Scheduling Backups

Create a backup schedule:

velero schedule create daily-backup --schedule="0 1 * * *"

9. APIs and Web Frontend

Setting Up an API Gateway

Install Kong:

echo "deb http://kong.bintray.com/kong-deb stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kong.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kong

Configure Kong with a database (PostgreSQL):

sudo kong migrations bootstrap
sudo kong start

Creating a React Frontend

Create a new React application:

npx create-react-app frontend
cd frontend
npm start

Deploy the frontend using NGINX:

sudo apt install -y nginx
sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/frontend

Add the following configuration:

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name your-domain.com;

  location / {
    root /var/www/frontend/build;
    try_files $uri /index.html;
  }

  listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on;
  listen 443 ssl; 
  ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/privkey.pem;
  include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
  ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
}

server {
  if ($host = your-domain.com) {
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
  } 

  listen 80;
  listen [::]:80;

  server_name your-domain.com;
  return 404; 
}

Enable the configuration and restart NGINX:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/frontend /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo systemctl restart nginx

10. Machine Learning Integration

Deploying ML Models with TensorFlow Serving

Install TensorFlow Serving:

echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow-serving-apt stable tensorflow-model-server tensorflow-model-server-universal" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tensorflow-serving.list
curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow-serving-apt/tensorflow-serving.release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y tensorflow-model-server

Serving a Model

Start TensorFlow Serving:

tensorflow_model_server --rest_api_port=8501 --model_name=my_model --model_base_path=/models/my_model

Creating Data Pipelines with Apache Airflow

Install Airflow:

sudo apt install -y python3-pip
pip3 install apache-airflow
airflow db init

Start the Airflow web server:

airflow webserver --port 8080

Access Airflow via http://your-server-ip:8080.

This concludes the lesson on deploying a highly advanced, secure, and scalable e-commerce platform on a Debian system. By following these steps, you will have a fully functional and robust setup that leverages the latest technologies in container orchestration, microservices, CI/CD, distributed databases, message queues, logging and monitoring, security, and machine learning.